C. R. Abbiss and P. B. Laursen, Models to explain fatigue during prolonged endurance cycling, Sports Med, vol.35, pp.865-898, 2005.

C. R. Abbiss and P. B. Laursen, Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition, Sports Med, vol.38, pp.239-252, 2008.

C. R. Abbiss, M. J. Quod, D. T. Martin, K. J. Netto, K. Nosaka et al., Dynamic pacing strategies during the cycle phase of an Ironman triathlon, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.38, pp.726-734, 2006.

C. R. Abbiss, L. Straker, M. J. Quod, D. T. Martin, and P. B. Laursen, Examining pacing profiles in elite female road cyclists using exposure variation analysis, Br J Sports Med, vol.44, pp.437-442, 2010.

J. Ackland, Pack formation in cycling and orienteering, Nature, vol.413, p.127, 2001.

Y. Albertus, R. Tucker, A. St-clair-gibson, E. V. Lambert, D. B. Hampson et al., Effect of distance feedback on pacing strategy and perceived exertion during cycling, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.37, pp.461-468, 2005.

D. G. Allen, G. D. Lamb, and H. Westerblad, Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms, Physiol Rev, vol.88, pp.287-332, 2008.

L. Ansley, P. J. Robson, A. St-clair-gibson, and T. D. Noakes, Anticipatory pacing strategies during supramaximal exercise lasting longer than 30 s, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.36, pp.309-314, 2004.

Y. Arai, J. P. Saul, P. Albrecht, L. H. Hartley, L. S. Lilly et al., Modulation of cardiac autonomic activity during and immediately after exercise, Am J Physiol, vol.256, pp.132-141, 1989.

R. B. Armstrong, R. W. Ogilvie, and J. A. Schwane, Eccentric exercise-induced injury to rat skeletal muscle, J Appl Physiol, vol.54, pp.80-93, 1983.

L. M. Arsac and E. Locatelli, Modeling the energetics of 100-m running by using speed curves of world champions, J Appl Physiol, vol.92, pp.1781-1788, 2002.

G. Atkinson and A. Brunskill, Pacing strategies during a cycling time trial with simulated headwinds and tailwinds, Ergonomics, vol.43, pp.1449-1460, 2000.

G. Atkinson and B. Edwards, Proceedings of the Third Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, Liverpool Advantages of smaller body mass during distance running in warm, humid environments, Pflugers Arch, vol.441, pp.359-367, 1997.

V. Martin, H. Kerherve, L. A. Messonnier, J. C. Banfi, A. Geyssant et al., Central and peripheral contributions to neuromuscular fatigue induced by a 24-h treadmill run, J Appl Physiol, vol.108, pp.1224-1233, 2010.

C. O. Mattern, R. W. Kenefick, R. Kertzer, and T. J. Quinn, Impact of starting strategy on cycling performance, Int J Sports Med, vol.22, pp.350-355, 2001.

A. R. Mauger, A. M. Jones, and C. A. Williams, Influence of feedback and prior experience on pacing during a 4-km cycle time trial, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.41, pp.451-458, 2009.

J. I. Medbo, A. Mamen, O. Holt-olsen, and F. Evertsen, Examination of four different instruments for measuring blood lactate concentration, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, vol.60, pp.367-380, 2000.

D. Micklewright, E. Papadopoulou, J. Swart, and T. Noakes, Previous experience influences pacing during 20 km time trial cycling, Int J Sports Physiol Perform, vol.2, pp.315-322, 2007.

G. P. Millet, G. Y. Millet, and R. B. Candau, Duration and seriousness of running mechanics alterations after maximal cycling in triathletes. Influence of the performance level, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, vol.41, pp.147-153, 2001.

G. P. Millet and V. E. Vleck, Physiological and biomechanical adaptations to the cycle to run transition in Olympic triathlon: review and practical recommendations for training, Br J Sports Med, vol.34, pp.384-390, 2000.

G. Y. Millet, R. Lepers, N. A. Maffiuletti, N. Babault, V. Martin et al., Alterations of neuromuscular function after an ultramarathon, J Appl Physiol, vol.92, pp.486-492, 2002.

G. Y. Millet, V. Martin, G. Lattier, and Y. Ballay, Mechanisms contributing to knee extensor strength loss after prolonged running exercise, J Appl Physiol, vol.94, pp.193-198, 2003.

G. Y. Millet, V. Martin, N. A. Maffiuletti, and A. Martin, Neuromuscular fatigue after a ski skating marathon, Can J Appl Physiol, vol.28, pp.434-445, 2003.

G. Y. Millet, G. P. Millet, G. Lattier, N. A. Maffiuletti, and R. Candau, Alteration of neuromuscular function after a prolonged road cycling race, Int J Sports Med, vol.24, pp.190-194, 2003.

J. Mizrahi, O. Verbitsky, and E. Isakov, Shock accelerations and attenuation in downhill and level running, Clin Biomech, vol.15, pp.15-20, 2000.

J. B. Morin, G. Dalleau, H. Kyrolainen, T. Jeannin, and A. Belli, A simple method for measuring stiffness during running, J Appl Biomech, vol.21, pp.167-180, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01859288

J. B. Morin, P. Samozino, and G. Y. Millet, Changes in Running Kinematics, Kinetics, and Spring-Mass Behavior over a 24-H Run, Med Sci Sports Exerc Morrison S, Sleivert GG, Cheung SS, vol.91, pp.729-736, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01859190

F. O. Mueller and R. C. Cantu, University of North Carolina Mureika JR (1997) A simple model for predicting sprint race times accounting for energy loss on the curve, Chapel Hill (NYC), vol.75, pp.837-851, 2002.

Y. Nakamura, Y. Yamamoto, and I. Muraoka, Autonomic control of heart rate during physical exercise and fractal dimension of heart rate variability, J Appl Physiol, vol.74, pp.875-881, 1993.

T. G. Neilan, J. L. Januzzi, E. Lee-lewandrowski, T. T. Ton-nu, D. M. Yoerger et al., Myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction related to training levels among nonelite participants in the Boston marathon, Circulation, vol.114, pp.2325-2333, 2006.

T. G. Neilan, D. M. Yoerger, P. S. Douglas, J. E. Marshall, E. F. Halpern et al., Persistent and reversible cardiac dysfunction among amateur marathon runners, Eur Heart J, vol.27, pp.1079-1084, 2006.

G. Neumayr, R. Pfister, G. Mitterbauer, H. Gaenzer, W. Sturm et al., Exercise intensity of cycle-touring events, Int J Sports Med, vol.23, pp.505-509, 2002.

G. Neumayr, R. Pfister, G. Mitterbauer, A. Maurer, and H. Hoertnagl, Effect of ultramarathon cycling on the heart rate in elite cyclists, Br J Sports Med, vol.38, pp.55-59, 2004.

B. Nielsen, J. R. Hales, S. Strange, N. J. Christensen, J. Warberg et al., Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment, J Physiol, vol.460, pp.467-485, 1993.

B. Nielsen, T. Hyldig, F. Bidstrup, J. Gonzalez-alonso, and G. R. Christoffersen, Brain activity and fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat, Pflugers Arch, vol.442, pp.41-48, 2001.

B. Nielsen, G. Savard, E. A. Richter, M. Hargreaves, and B. Saltin, Muscle blood flow and muscle metabolism during exercise and heat stress, J Appl Physiol, vol.69, pp.1040-1046, 1990.

B. Nielsen, S. Strange, N. J. Christensen, J. Warberg, and B. Saltin, Acute and adaptive responses in humans to exercise in a warm, humid environment, Pflugers Arch, vol.434, pp.49-56, 1997.

V. Nikolopoulos, M. J. Arkinstall, and J. A. Hawley, Pacing strategy in simulated cycle time-trials is based on perceived rather than actual distance, J Sci Med Sport, vol.4, pp.212-219, 2001.

T. D. Noakes, Physiological models to understand exercise fatigue and the adaptations that predict or enhance athletic performance, Scand J Med Sci Sports, vol.10, pp.123-145, 2000.

T. D. Noakes, Linear relationship between the perception of effort and the duration of constant load exercise that remains, J Appl Physiol, vol.96, pp.1572-1573, 2004.

T. D. Noakes, Rating of perceived exertion as a predictor of the duration of exercise that remains until exhaustion, Br J Sports Med, vol.42, pp.623-624, 2008.

T. D. Noakes, M. I. Lambert, and R. Hauman, Which lap is the slowest? An analysis of 32 world mile record performances, Br J Sports Med, vol.43, pp.760-764, 2009.

T. D. Noakes and F. E. Marino, Point: maximal oxygen uptake is limited by a central nervous system governor, J Appl Physiol, vol.106, pp.338-339, 2009.

T. D. Noakes, J. E. Peltonen, and H. K. Rusko, Evidence that a central governor regulates exercise performance during acute hypoxia and hyperoxia, J Exp Biol, vol.204, pp.3225-3234, 2001.

T. D. Noakes, R. J. Snow, and M. A. Febbraio, Perceived exertion and duration of exercise, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.96, pp.1571-1573, 2004.

T. D. Noakes and A. St-clair-gibson, Logical limitations to the "catastrophe" models of fatigue during exercise in humans, Br J Sports Med, vol.38, pp.648-649, 2004.

T. D. Noakes, A. St-clair-gibson, and E. V. Lambert, From catastrophe to complexity: a novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans, Br J Sports Med, vol.38, pp.511-514, 2004.

T. D. Noakes, A. St-clair-gibson, and E. V. Lambert, From catastrophe to complexity: a novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: summary and conclusions, Br J Sports Med, vol.39, pp.120-124, 2005.

T. D. Noakes and R. Tucker, Do we really need a central governor to explain brain regulation of exercise performance? A response to the letter of Dr. Marcora, Eur J Appl Physiol, vol.104, pp.933-935, 2008.

B. J. Noble, K. F. Metz, K. B. Pandolf, and E. Cafarelli, Perceptual responses to exercise: a multiple regression study, Med Sci Sports, vol.5, pp.104-109, 1973.

A. Nummela, T. Vuorimaa, and H. Rusko, Changes in force production, blood lactate and EMG activity in the 400-m sprint, J Sports Sci, vol.10, pp.217-228, 1992.

A. T. Nummela, K. A. Heath, L. M. Paavolainen, M. I. Lambert, A. St-clair-gibson et al., Fatigue during a 5-km running time trial, Int J Sports Med, vol.29, pp.738-745, 2008.

A. T. Nummela, L. M. Paavolainen, K. A. Sharwood, M. I. Lambert, T. D. Noakes et al., Neuromuscular factors determining 5 km running performance and running economy in well-trained athletes, Eur J Appl Physiol, vol.97, pp.1-8, 2006.

L. Nybo and B. Nielsen, Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans, J Appl Physiol, vol.91, pp.1055-1060, 2001.

L. Nybo and B. Nielsen, Perceived exertion is associated with an altered brain activity during exercise with progressive hyperthermia, J Appl Physiol, vol.91, pp.2017-2023, 2001.

O. 'toole, M. L. Douglas, P. S. Hiller, and W. D. , Use of heart rate monitors by endurance athletes: lessons from triathletes, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, vol.38, pp.181-187, 1998.

S. Padilla, I. Mujika, F. Angulo, and J. J. Goiriena, Scientific approach to the 1-h cycling world record: a case study, J Appl Physiol, vol.89, pp.1522-1527, 2000.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.4.1522

S. Padilla, I. Mujika, J. Orbananos, and F. Angulo, Exercise intensity during competition time trials in professional road cycling, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.32, pp.850-856, 2000.

G. S. Palmer, L. B. Borghouts, T. D. Noakes, and J. A. Hawley, Metabolic and performance responses to constant-load vs. variable-intensity exercise in trained cyclists, J Appl Physiol, vol.87, pp.1186-1196, 1999.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1186

URL : https://surfsharekit.nl/dl/fontys/6c52e3be-e721-4bb4-97fd-5be4a2d6face/960a9c2b-e8b5-49c1-adc3-2ac87cc0e317

K. B. Pandolf, Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion during physical exercise, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.14, pp.397-405, 1982.

M. J. Patterson, D. Warlters, and N. A. Taylor, Attenuation of the cutaneous blood flow response during combined exercise and heat stress, Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, vol.69, pp.367-369, 1994.

P. D. Peeling, D. J. Bishop, and G. J. Landers, Effect of swimming intensity on subsequent cycling and overall triathlon performance, Br J Sports Med, vol.39, pp.960-964, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bjsm.2005.020370

URL : https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/12/960.full.pdf

J. E. Peltonen, J. Rantamaki, S. P. Niittymaki, K. Sweins, J. T. Viitasalo et al., Effects of oxygen fraction in inspired air on rowing performance, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.27, pp.573-579, 1995.

J. E. Peltonen, H. K. Rusko, J. Rantamaki, K. Sweins, S. Niittymaki et al., Effects of oxygen fraction in inspired air on force production and electromyogram activity during ergometer rowing, 1997.

, Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, vol.76, pp.495-503

A. Philp, A. L. Macdonald, and P. W. Watt, Lactate-a signal coordinating cell and systemic function, J Exp Biol, vol.208, pp.4561-4575, 2005.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.01961

URL : http://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/24/4561.full.pdf

P. M. Pilowsky and A. K. Goodchild, Baroreceptor reflex pathways and neurotransmitters: 10 years on, J Hypertens, vol.20, pp.1675-1688, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00004872-200209000-00002

O. Pollatos, W. Kirsch, and R. Schandry, Brain structures involved in interoceptive awareness and cardioafferent signal processing: a dipole source localization study, Hum Brain Mapp, vol.26, pp.54-64, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/hbm.20121

L. G. Pugh, Physiological and medical aspects of the Himalayan scientific and mountaineering expedition, 1960-61, Br Med J, vol.2, pp.621-627, 1962.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.2.5305.621

URL : https://www.bmj.com/content/2/5305/621.full.pdf

L. G. Pugh, J. L. Corbett, and R. H. Johnson, Rectal temperatures, weight losses, and sweat rates in marathon running, J Appl Physiol, vol.23, pp.347-352, 1967.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1967.23.3.347

D. B. Pyne, T. Boston, D. T. Martin, and A. Logan, Evaluation of the Lactate Pro blood lactate analyser, Eur J Appl Physiol, vol.82, pp.112-116, 2000.

A. Rainoldi, G. Melchiorri, and I. Caruso, A method for positioning electrodes during surface EMG recordings in lower limb muscles, J Neurosci Methods, vol.134, pp.37-43, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.014

P. Rasmussen, H. Stie, L. Nybo, and B. Nielsen, Heat induced fatigue and changes of the EEG is not related to reduced perfusion of the brain during prolonged exercise in humans, Journal of Thermal Biology, vol.29, pp.731-737, 2004.

H. G. Rauch, A. St-clair-gibson, E. V. Lambert, and T. D. Noakes, A signalling role for muscle glycogen in the regulation of pace during prolonged exercise, Br J Sports Med, vol.39, pp.34-38, 2005.

W. J. Rejeski and P. M. Ribisl, Expected task duration and perceived effort: an attributional analysis, J Sport Psychol, vol.39, pp.249-254, 1980.
DOI : 10.1123/jsp.2.3.227

R. J. Robertson, Central signals of perceived exertion during dynamic exercise, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.14, pp.390-396, 1982.

S. Robinson, D. L. Robinson, R. J. Mountjoy, and R. W. Bullard, Influence of fatigue on the efficiency of men during exhausting runs, J Appl Physiol, vol.12, pp.197-201, 1958.

L. B. Rowell, H. J. Marx, R. A. Bruce, R. D. Conn, and F. Kusumi, Reductions in cardiac output, central blood volume, and stroke volume with thermal stress in normal men during exercise, J Clin Invest, vol.45, pp.1801-1816, 1966.

L. E. Sandals, D. M. Wood, S. B. Draper, and D. V. James, Influence of pacing strategy on oxygen uptake during treadmill middle-distance running, Int J Sports Med, vol.27, pp.37-42, 2006.

G. K. Savard, B. Nielsen, J. Laszczynska, B. E. Larsen, and B. Saltin, Muscle blood flow is not reduced in humans during moderate exercise and heat stress, J Appl Physiol, vol.64, pp.649-657, 1988.

H. B. Schiff, E. T. Macsearraigh, and J. C. Kallmeyer, Myoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis and marathon running, Q J Med, vol.47, pp.463-472, 1978.

J. A. Schwane and R. B. Armstrong, Effect of training on skeletal muscle injury from downhill running in rats, J Appl Physiol, vol.55, pp.969-975, 1983.

Y. K. Seedat, N. Aboo, S. Naicker, and I. Parsoo, Acute renal failure in the "Comrades Marathon" runners, Ren Fail, vol.11, pp.209-212, 1989.

K. S. Seiler and G. O. Kjerland, Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: is there evidence for an "optimal" distribution?, Scand J Med Sci Sports, vol.16, pp.49-56, 2006.

R. Shephard, Ischemic heart disease and exercise, 1981.

R. Shephard, Aging, physical activity and health, Human Kinetics, 1997.

R. J. Shephard, Hard evidence for a central governor is still lacking!, J Appl Physiol, vol.106, pp.343-346, 2009.

R. J. Shephard, Is it time to retire the 'central governor'?, Sports Med, vol.39, pp.709-721, 2009.

J. S. Skinner, R. Hutsler, V. Bergsteinova, and E. R. Buskirk, Perception of effort during different types of exercise and under different environmental conditions, Med Sci Sports, vol.5, pp.110-115, 1973.

D. Smith, H. Lee, B. Sutton, and E. Hunter, Power demands of the cycle leg during elite triathlon competition. 2nd INSEP International Triathlon Congress European Symposium, 1997.

L. L. Smith, Acute inflammation: the underlying mechanism in delayed onset muscle soreness?, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.23, pp.542-551, 1991.

A. St-clair-gibson, D. A. Baden, M. I. Lambert, E. V. Lambert, Y. X. Harley et al., The conscious perception of the sensation of fatigue, Sports Med, vol.33, pp.167-176, 2003.

A. St-clair-gibson and C. Foster, The role of selftalk in the awareness of physiological state and physical performance, Sports Med, vol.37, pp.1029-1044, 2007.

A. St-clair-gibson, E. V. Lambert, L. H. Rauch, R. Tucker, D. A. Baden et al., The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort, Sports Med, vol.36, pp.705-722, 2006.

A. St-clair-gibson, M. L. Lambert, and T. D. Noakes, Neural control of force output during maximal and submaximal exercise, Sports Med, vol.31, pp.637-650, 2001.

A. St-clair-gibson and T. D. Noakes, , 2004.

, Br J Sports Med, vol.38, pp.797-806

A. St-clair-gibson, E. J. Schabort, and T. D. Noakes, Reduced neuromuscular activity and force generation during prolonged cycling, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, vol.281, pp.187-196, 2001.

B. A. Stamford and B. J. Noble, Metabolic cost and perception of effort during bicycle ergometer work performance, Med Sci Sports, vol.6, pp.226-231, 1974.

B. Stapelfeldt, A. Schwirtz, Y. O. Schumacher, and M. Hillebrecht, Workload demands in mountain bike racing, Int J Sports Med, vol.25, pp.294-300, 2004.

N. K. Stepto, A. L. Carey, H. M. Staudacher, N. K. Cummings, L. M. Burke et al., Effect of shortterm fat adaptation on high-intensity training, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.34, pp.449-455, 2002.

R. Suriano and D. Bishop, Physiological attributes of triathletes, J Sci Med Sport, vol.13, pp.340-347, 2010.

R. Suriano, F. Vercruyssen, D. Bishop, and J. Brisswalter, Variable power output during cycling improves subsequent treadmill run time to exhaustion, J Sci Med Sport, vol.10, pp.244-251, 2007.

D. P. Swain, A model for optimizing cycling performance by varying power on hills and in wind, Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol.29, pp.1104-1108, 1997.

R. B. Wilberg and J. Pratt, A survey of the race profiles of cyclists in the pursuit and kilo track events, Can J Sport Sci, vol.13, pp.208-213, 1988.

D. Winter, A. L. Wittekind, D. Micklewright, and R. Beneke, sous presse) Teleoanticipation in all-out short duration cycling, Br J Sports Med, 1979.

R. A. Wright, Brehm's theory of motivation as a model of effort and cardiovascular response, Gollwitzer PM BJe, pp.424-453, 1996.

P. Zamparo, M. Bonifazi, M. Faina, A. Milan, F. Sardella et al., Energy cost of swimming of elite long-distance swimmers, Eur J Appl Physiol, vol.94, pp.697-704, 2005.

G. S. Zavorsky, Evidence of pulmonary oedema triggered by exercise in healthy humans and detected with various imaging techniques, Acta Physiol (Oxf), vol.189, pp.305-317, 2007.